Season 13

01 Forgotten Heroes Episode 112th January 1994 One In four British merchant seamen died during the Second World War. Life on board ship was dangerous, poorly paid and carried a far higher casualty rate than any of the armed services. Yet their bravery and sacrifices have barely been recognised. In this programme the merchant seamen who faced the North Atlantic storms and the deadly U-boat menace to keep Britain supplied during the war years tell their own brave and moving story. 02 The Real Rasputin Episode 226th January 1994 When Grigorii Efimovich Rasputin was murdered in 1916, rumour and political expediency set to work to paint him as a villain, responsible for the downfall of the Romanov empire, an insane alcoholic capable of any sexual extravagance. This film biography reappraises the myth of the "Mad Monk", using new information as well as first-hand accounts to rescue Rasputin from unjust historians. 03 Spies in the Sky Episode 39th February 1994 Since 1949, dozens of planes and up to 200 US, British and allied air-crew have been lost in an undeclared aerial espionage war between the western powers and the Soviet Union. Many of them were believed to have been captured, tortured and imprisoned by the Soviets. TIMEWATCH reveals the true extent of British and US casualties, and the extraordinary personal stories of those who took part in the secret air war. 04 Presumed Guilty - A Women's History of Divorce 1945-1969 Episode 49th March 1994 In the decades leading up to reform of the divorce laws in 1969, thousands of women suffered the injustices of a system that treated a failed marriage as a criminal offence. Timewatch tells the stories of some of these women, and the terrible price they paid to end their marriages. 05 Racism or Realism? - A History of Immigration Episode 56th April 1994 While the British government publicly operated an open-door policy to immigrants, in private it was terrified about the growing black population. Documents released under the 30-year rule and obtained by Timewatch reveal the government's true concerns were for interbreeding and therefore diluting the essential British character, rising crime, and health problems as immigrants came from colonies riddled with disease. Jonathan Dimbleby hosts a debate with representatives from the government and civil service in the 50s and 60s including Enoch Powell and John Bean, a founder member of the British National Party. 06 Seeds of War Episode 626th June 1994 The question of how the First World War was started has been one of the great controversies of the 20th century. The flashpoint was the assassination in Sarajevo of Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Hapsburg throne. But it was the reaction to his death of a handful of imperial warlords that led to four years of fighting and the death of over eight million people. The producers of this documentary, marking the 80th anniversary of Franz Ferdinand's death, have been round Europe - from Sarajevo to St Petersburg - culling archive film from eight countries to piece together the mysteries and intrigues that led to the Great War. 07 The Myth of the Spanish Inquisition Episode 76th November 1994 An entire popular mythology has made the Spanish Inquisition a byword for human evil - sadistic, fanatical and omnipotent. But in reality it was none of these things. How did the truth come to be so distorted? Through special access to the secrets of the Inquisition's own archives, Timewatch presents a very different version of history's most notorious institution. NEW SERIES. 08 Hitler's Secret Weapons Episode 813th November 1994 In the final few months of the Second World War, Hitler's revolutionary V1 and V2 missiles terrorised southern England. In London alone, 25,000 homes were levelled and 8,000 people killed as this country became the first to suffer major ballistic missile bombardment from beyond its borders. In remarkable film footage, screened for the first time, of the weapons in various stages of planning and production, Nazi archives reveal how Germany established a technological advantage that could have changed the outcome of the Second World War. 09 Flames of War Episode 920th November 1994 A film about the horrors of the English Civil War, using letters, diaries and memoirs of ordinary people in 17th-century England. The historical characters of Parliamentarian Lord Saye and Sele, and Royalist Sir Edmund Verney, are represented by their own descendants. Other characters - a soldier, a lawyer, and a political activist - are represented by their modern day counterparts. 10 Age of the Sphinx Episode 1027th November 1994 The tale of one man's attempt to rewrite the history of the world by redating Egypt's greatest mystery, the Sphinx. Until now, no one can say for sure why, when or by whom the famous statue was carved. The experts think it is Egyptian and 4,500 years old, but maverick investigator John West claims to have new and conclusive evidence that the Sphinx was constructed many thousands of years before the Pharaohs. 11 Khrushchev - The Peasant Premier Episode 114th December 1994 In the centenary year of his birth, and using previously unseen home movies, this film explores the contradictions of the Ukrainian peasant's son. He contributed to the crises in Berlin and Cuba, yet he hated the arms race. As Stalin's henchman he had plenty of blood on his hands, yet he denounced his former master and ensured that the terror would never return. 12 Memo from Machiavelli: How to Succeed in British Politics Episode 1211th December 1994 Niccolo Machiavelli's name is synonymous with political intrigue, but recent analysis of his work suggests that he was a political pragmatist whose best-known book 'The Prince' is as relevant today as it was in the 16th century. Reading extracts from 'The Prince' is Ian Richardson, who played Francis Urquhart in House of Cards. 13 Typhoid Mary Episode 1318th December 1994 Story of the woman judged to be such a danger to public health that she was incarcerated by the city of New York for 23 years. In the winter of 1906, Dr George Soper was summoned to Oyster Bay, Long Island, to investigate a mystery. Why had typhoid fever broken out in the house of a rich New York banker? He uncovered an extraordinary trail of sickness and death left by roving Irish cook Mary Mallon. Two of the people who met Typhoid Mary in her isolation hospital speak for the first time about their mysterious friend. Her story quickly became a medical legend which still has resonance today. Faced with an AIDS epidemic, does the state have a right to lock up people for the good of society? SERIES END.